A

Can you really find out where someone is from based on how they queue? And why—across the world—do some queues seem to take forever, while others, even of the same waiting time, seem to go relatively quickly?

Richard Larson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and a world expert on queues, as well as various social scientists, believes how you queue does, in fact, often give away your origin. In the United States, how people queue even depends on which city they are from. "One of my findings is that you can tell a lot about the social culture of citizens by watching their micro behavior in queues. People in Boston, New York and Washington D. C. all queue in different ways,” he says. “In Washington, people queue at a random point in a sidewalk. These are government workers who know that the bus stops at this place at 4:05, so they queue up dutifully——first come first serve. I have never seen any such behavior in New York or Boston."

No matter how “good” the queuers are, though, scientists agree that for the queue to function, it needs to be fair. As long as people are served in the order they are lined up, queue anger can be avoided.

This is the idea behind the winding queue behind ropes or barriers where, when you reach the front, you are directed to the next available server. It's no faster than having individual lines all the way through. But it does mean that no one arriving after you will get served before you.

The final moments of the queue are also important. Research by INSEAD business school professor Ziv Carmon and Princeton University psychology professor Daniel Kahneman found that if our wait ends on a happy note—for instance, if the queue speeds up at the end—we will view that experience more positively， even if for most of the time we were very uncomfortable, quietly cursing （骂） the person in front.

B

Scientific experts have warned that deadly pandemics（大流行病）are likely to keep happening if action is not taken to protect natural environments. The warning came in a report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, an international expert group that advises governments. The group has more than 130 member states.

The experts called for major efforts aimed at preventing pandemics rather than trying to contain them after they happen. The report urges major worldwide efforts to stop habitat destruction that can lead viruses to jump from wild animals to humans.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that three out of every four new or emerging infectious diseases in people come from animals. Scientists have said COVID-19 probably started in bats and began spreading among humans.

In their report, the experts predict that about half of an estimated 1.7 million undiscovered viruses in nature might be able to infect people. Activities such as poaching（偷猎）or clearing forests to grow soy or palm oil can bring humans and disease closer together.

Peter Daszak was the report's lead writer. He is president of Eco-Health Alliance, an international health, environment and development organization. He said in a statement that even though the experts call for urgent action, "this report is not a misfortune suggesting the world's going to end and it's too late." Instead, Daszak said it should be seen as "an optimistic call for action."

He noted that the current method for dealing with pandemics is to wait for them to emerge and then try to identify them before they spread. COVID-19 has demonstrated the problems with that plan. Officials attempted to contain COVID-19 after the disease was discovered last year, but it was already too late. "And here we are waiting for a vaccine（疫苗）and drugs to work," Daszak said. "It's not a good strategy. We need to do more."

C

You might text your friend a white lie to get out of going to dinner, exaggerate your height on a CV online to appear more attractive or invent an excuse for your boss over email to save face.

Social psychologists have long wondered where people tend to lie the most——that is, in person or through some other communication medium. A 2004 study was among the first to investigate the connection between deception rates and technology. Jeff Hancock’s team had 28 students report the number of social interactions they had through face-to-face communication, the phone, instant messaging and email over seven days. Students also reported the number of times they lied in each social interaction.

The results suggested people told the most lies or the phone and the fewest through email, which is broadly in line with a “feature-based model”. According to the model, specific aspects of a technology—whether people can communicate back and forth smoothly, whether the messages are fleeting and whether communicators are distant—predict where people tend to lie the most.

When Hancock conducted his study, few students had a Facebook account. The iPhone was in its early stage. What would his results look like nearly 20 years later?

In a new study，I recruited（招募）250 people and studied interactions from more forms of technology. The participants recorded their social interactions and number of interactions with a lie over seven days, across face-to-face communication, social media, the phone, texting, video chat and email. The results show people seem to lie according to the "feature-based model".

There are several possible explanations for these results. Phone and video chat, for example, might make deception less costly to a social relationship if caught. Deception rates might also differ across technology because people use some forms of technology for certain social relationships. For example， people might only email their colleagues （同事）, while video chat might be a better fit for more personal relationships.

People often believe just because we use technology to interact, honesty is harder to come by. Not only is this perception（看法）misguided, but it is also unsupported by enough evidence. The belief that lying is common in the digital age just doesn’t match the data.

Do you feel under pressure to be more creative at work?    13   Studies have recently found that creativity is now one of the top skills most workplaces are looking for in their employees, as they struggle to differentiate themselves in an increasingly competitive world.

   14   After all, as many employees quietly admit during training workshops: “Not all of us can paint or draw.” The good news is that creativity comes in all sorts of forms. The most common type of creativity is simply allowing our brains the space to imagine different connections, patterns and possibilities. But how can you improve your creativity at work? Here are three approaches:

Get curious. A big part of creativity is curiosity. It helps you to focus your attention as you explore dynamic mental simulations based on personal past experiences, thoughts about the future and exploration of alternative perspectives and scenarios to the present. Use your curiosity to explore why things happen, how they work, what impact they have.   15   

Be willing to fail.  16    Likewise if organizations wish to cultivate creativity, they need to establish cultures where the risk of failure is accepted as part of the deal. The truth is that if you’re not failing some of the time, you’re not stretching far enough outside of your comfort zone to keep learning and growing.

Cultivate positive emotions. Positive emotions — such as gratitude, compassion, joy, and inspiration — have been found to help you broaden your thinking.   17    To cultivate more positive emotions at work, such as gratitude, kindness and hope, you can promote high-quality connections with others, and find ways to make the most of your strengths.

In 2001, my wife, Leslie, and I flew to France to host Justice Ginsburg. The law school where I was president had a summer ____18____ there, and Justice Ginsburg had agreed to give some lectures. We hadn’t met her before, so we were pretty ___19___, but the perfect justice and her wise husband, Marty, were easy to be with.

One day we were standing outside our hotel when Justice Ginsburg said, “That looks like ___20___.” Parasailors（滑翔跳伞员）were flying above the sea. “I’d like to try it.”

Leslie and I laughed nervously, but Marty took his wife’s thinking ___21___ “You’re crazy,” he said. Though I had no real ___22___ to parasail, I did feel it a duty to ____23____ Justice Ginsburg, so when she said she intended to go, I ___24___ to join her.

The next morning, we all __25__ to the beach. With a little dark humor, Marty told his wife, “You will be ____26____ by our grandchildren. Fastened to equipment attached to a boat, we took off with a flash of fear, but we got ___27____ pretty quickly. The view was splendid, and the silence was very peaceful. When we started ___28___ toward the water, Justice Ginsburg seemed concerned, but once I ____29____ that we’d go only low enough to touch the warm Mediterranean with our feet, she ___30__. Minutes later, we were greeted on the ground by our ___31_____ spouses（配偶）.

By the end of the week, we had become friends. I saw Justice Ginsburg from time to time over the years, and the parasailing story was ____32____ mentioned.

填入1个合适单词或用所给单词正确形式填空

“OMG! It’s so cute!” Since posts with such descriptions spread on social media in  33   a lovable panda is waving and smiling, Bing Dwen Dwen has become a star in the Olympic Villages, venues，and almost everywhere. After the opening of the Beijing 2022 Olympics, Bing Dwen Dwen, like hotcakes，   34  （incredible） went viral overnight. The craze has also become  35  trending topic on social media platforms. Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen   36  （select） to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries   37  （submit）from 35 countries.

What are the mind-broadening ideas behind   38  （it）design? Insiders comment that Bing Dwen Dwen is a great   39  （combine） of Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit. 'Bing' in Chinese stands for ice, showing purity and strength, while 'Dwen Dwen' represents sincerity, liveliness, and health. Plus, wrapped in an“astronaut's suit”, Bing Dwen Dwen has a face designed to be a sports expert who comes from the future,  40  （represent） a perfect mixture of winter sports and modern technology. The head is circled up with colorful floating lines， a reference to Beijing's National Speed Skating Oval, directly showing skating tracks and 5G technology. Hence, Bing Dwen Dwen is a giant panda   41   a high sense of science and technology.

Hopefully, the cute, witty, hi-tech Bing Dwen Dwen can become a classic and countless lasting   42  （memory） will stick in Olympic history.

根据材料内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，构成一篇完整的短文。

One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw a kid named Kyle from my class walking home from school with all of his books. I thought to myself," Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Thursday? He must really be a nerd（书呆子）.”Thinking of a football game with my friend the next day，I shrugged （耸肩）my shoulders and went on.

As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running toward him. They ran at him, knocking all his books out of his arms and he fell down in the dirt. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. My heart went out to him. So, I rushed towards the kids shouting “Hey! Leave him alone!”

I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, and I saw tears in his eyes, As I handed him his glasses, I said, "They shouldn't have done that." He looked at me and said, "Hey, thanks!” There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real gratitude.

I helped him pick up his books, and asked him where he lived. As it turned out, he lived near me. We talked all the way home, and I carried his books. He turned out to be a pretty cool kid. I asked him if he wanted to play football on Saturday with me and my friends. He said yes. We hung all that weekend and the more I got to know Kyle, the more I liked him,

Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends. Graduation day was around the corner. As the top student of our class, Kyle was to deliver a speech on the graduation day. I could see that he was nervous about his speech. So, I patted him on the back and said, “Hey, don’t worry. You'll be great!" He looked at me and smiled. I knew that we would always be friends.