公开真题库2018年下半年电子商务设计师上午试卷综合知识
分类：软考/中级_电子商务设计师 来源：软考
1
| 在Excel的A1单元格中输入公式 "=ROUND(14.9，0)"，按回车键后，A1单元格中的值为（ ）。 |
| A. 10 |
| B. 14.9 |
| C. 13.9 |
| D. 15 |
2
| 计算机系统中，CPU对主存的访问方式属于（ ）。 |
| A. 随机存盘 |
| B. 顺序存取 |
| C. 索引存取 |
| D. 哈希存取 |
3
| 以下关于磁盘碎片整理程序的描述，正确的是（ ）。 |
| A. 磁盘碎片整理程序的作用是延长磁盘的使用寿命 |
| B. 用磁盘碎片整理程序可以修复磁盘中的坏扇区，使其可以重新使用 |
| C. 用磁盘碎片整理程序可以对内存进行碎片整理，以提高访问内存速度 |
| D. 用磁盘碎片整理程序对磁盘进行碎片整理，以提高磁盘访问速度 |
4
| 以数字表示的声音在时间上是离散的，而模拟声音在时间上是连续的。要把模拟声音转换为数字声音，就需在某些特定的时刻获取模拟声音，该过程称为（ ）。 |
| A. 采样 |
| B. 量化 |
| C. 编码 |
| D. 模/数变换 |
5
| 以下说法中，错误的是（ ）。 |
| A. 张某和王某合作完成一款软件，他们可以约定申请专利的权利只属于张某 |
| B. 张某和王某共同完成了 一项发明创造，在没有约定的情况下，如果张某要 对其单独申请专利就必须征得王某的同意 |
| C. 张某临时借调到某软件公司工作，在执行该公司交付的任务的过程中，张某完成的发明创造属于职务发明 |
| D. 甲委托乙开发了一款软件，在没有约定的情况下，由于甲提供了全部的资金和设备，因此该软件著作权属于甲 |
6
| VLAN的主要作用不包括（ ）。 |
| A. 加强网络安全 |
| B. 抑制广播风暴 |
| C. 简化网络管理 |
| D. 查杀病毒 |
7
| 以用户为中心的软件设计原则不包括( ). |
| A. .因为客户是上帝，所以客户的需求是天然合理的 |
| B. 用户不仅需要软件功能，还需要良好的使用体验 |
| C. 要求用户输入信息时尽量提供选项 |
| D. 用户最常用的按钮应放在 最明显处 |
8
| 以下关于人工智能 (AI)的叙述中,( )并不正确。 |
| A. AI不仅是基于大数据的系统，更是具有学习能力的系统 |
| B. 现在流行的人脸识别和语音识别是典型的人工智能应用 |
| C. AI 技术的重点是让计算机系统更简单 |
| D. AI 有助于企业更好地进行管理和决策 |
9
| 云计算的基础是虚拟化。以下关于虚拟化的叙述中，（ ）并不正确。 |
| A. 虚拟化平台旨在提高系统利用率，并通过动态调度实现弹性计算 |
| B. 将一台服务器虚拟成多台(分割式虚拟化)，旨在提高资源利用率 |
| C. 将多台服务器虚拟成一台的集群技术，旨在解决计算机能力不足问题 |
| D. 构件、对象、数据和应用的虚拟化旨在解决诸多信息孤岛的整合问题 |
10
| 曾有人将圆周率π小数点后的百万位数字依次排列编成刊物出版作为随机数表使用，每页100行，每行100位,共100页。那么，π小数点后第12345位数字应在该书的（ ） |
| A. 第1页第23行 |
| B. 第2页第23行 |
| C. 第2页第24行 |
| D. 第12页第3行 |
11
| 某航空公司拟开发一个机票预订系统。旅客使用信用卡付款预订机票，付款通过信用卡公司的信用卡管理系统提供的接口实现。现拟用数据流图建立需求模型，则信用卡管理系统是( ). |
| A. 外部实体 |
| B. 加工 |
| C. 数据流 |
| D. 数据存储 |
12
| 以下叙述中，（ ）不是一个风险。 |
| A. 由另一个小组开发的子系统可能推迟交付，导致系统不能按时交付 |
| B. 客户不清楚想要开发什么样的软件，因此开发小组开发原型帮助其确定需求 |
| C. 开发团队可能没有正确理解客户的需求 |
| D. 开发团队核心成员可能在系统开发过程中离职 |
13
| 某计算机系统中互斥资源R的可用数为8,系统中有3个进程P1、P2和P3竞争R,且每个进程都需要i个R,该系统可能会发生死锁的最小i值为（ ）。 |
| A. 1 |
| B. 2 |
| C. 3 |
| D. 4 |
14
| 某企业拟开发-一个企业信息管理系统，系统功能与多个部门的业务相关。现希望该系统能够尽快投入使用，系统功能可以在使用过程中不断改善。则最适宜采用的软件过程模型为（ ）。 |
| A. 瀑布模型 |
| B. 原型化模型 |
| C. 演化(选代)模型 |
| D. 螺旋模型 |
15
| 在某销售系统中，客户采用扫描二维码进行支付。若采用面向对象方法开发该销售系统，则客户类属于（15）类，二维码类属于（16）类。 |
| A. 接口 |
| B. 实体 |
| C. 控制 |
| D. 状态 |
16
| 在某销售系统中，客户采用扫描二维码进行支付。若采用面向对象方法开发该销售系统，则客户类属于（15）类，二维码类属于（16）类。 |
| A. 接口 |
| B. 实体 |
| C. 控制 |
| D. 状态 |
17
| 数据库系统中的视图、存储文件和基本表分别对应数据库系统结构中的（ ）。 |
| A. 模式、内模式和外模式 |
| B. 外模式。模式和内模式 |
| C. 模式、外模式和内模式 |
| D. 外模式、内模式和模式 |
18
| 一个网络节点数是100，假设网络价值系数为2,根据麦特卡夫定律，该网络价值是（ ）。 |
| A. 10000 |
| B. 40000 |
| C. 20000 |
| D. 5000 |
19
| EDI的工作内容包含以下几项: ①生成平面文件②信息编辑③传送给对方用户④生成EDI标准格式文件正确的工作流程是（ ）。 |
| A. ②→①→④→③ |
| B. ②→①→③→④ |
| C. ①→②→④→③ |
| D. ①→③→④→② |
20
| 下列（ ）属于电子商务的系统架构中电子商务应用层的内容。 |
| A. 网上购物 |
| B. EDI |
| C. 网络银行 |
| D. 目录服务 |
21
| 网络商务信息处理分为信息存储、信息整理和信息加工三个阶段，（ ）不属于信息整理的内容。 |
| A. 信息鉴别 |
| B. 信息形式变换 |
| C. 信息分类 |
| D. 信息筛选 |
22
| 《关于积极推进“互联网+”行动的指导意见》中，“互联网+”电子商务的主要内容不包括（ ）。 |
| A. 发展农村电子商务 |
| B. 发展行业电子商务 |
| C. 发展智能制造 |
| D. 电子商务应用创新 |
23
| BI（Business Intelligence）是通过运用基于事实的支持系统来辅助制定商业决策，BI的主要功能不包括（ ）。 |
| A. 数据使用方法论创建 |
| B. 数据的抽取、转换和加载 |
| C. 数据统计输出 |
| D. 数据存储和访间 |
24
| 设职工关系模型Emp (工号，姓名，性别，部门)的主码是工号，工资关系模型SL (工号，月份，工资)的主码为 (工号，月份),若关系模型R (工号，姓名，性别，部门，月份，工资)的主码为(工号，月份)，则R满足（ ）。 |
| A. 1NF |
| B. 2NF |
| C. 3NF |
| D. BCNF |
25
| TCP 协议工作在OS1参考模型中的（ ）。 |
| A. 物理层 |
| B. 传输层 |
| C. 应用层 |
| D. 网络层 |
26
| 中继器的主要作用是（ ）。 |
| A. 连接两个局域网 |
| B. 路由选择 |
| C. 延长网络传输距离 |
| D. 数据交换 |
27
| 以下不属于数据链路层功能的是（ ）。 |
| A. 流量控制 |
| B. 差错控制 |
| C. 帧同步 |
| D. 路由选择 |
28
| 在一个C类网络中，有一台主机的IP地址为192.168.1.204, 已知该主机所在网络是将一个C类IP划分成了4个子网,则该IP的网络号为（28）。主机号为（29）。 |
| A. 192.168.1.0 |
| B. 255．255.255.0 |
| C. 192.168.1.192 |
| D. 192.168.1.224 |
29
| 在一个C类网络中，有一台主机的IP地址为192.168.1.204, 已知该主机所在网络是将一个C类IP划分成了4个子网,则该IP的网络号为（28）。主机号为（29）。 |
| A. 12 |
| B. 204 |
| C. 192 |
| D. 1 |
30
| 电子商务安全体系中不包括( )。 |
| A. 交易协议层 |
| B. 网络服务层 |
| C. 信息发布与传输层 |
| D. 加密技术层 |
31
| （ ）是标识网络用户身份的电子文档，该文档中包含了用户的基本数据信息及公钥信息、颁发证书的CA的相关信息。 |
| A. 电子钱包 |
| B. 数字证书 |
| C. 数字签名 |
| D. 数字信封 |
32
| 在DES算法中，加密和解密使用（ ）的密钥。 |
| A. 相同 |
| B. 不同 |
| C. 公开 |
| D. 私人 |
33
| 在数字信封技术中，发放方用（ ）对对称密钥加密。 |
| A. 接收方的公钥 |
| B. 发送方的私钥 |
| C. 发送方的公钥 |
| D. 接收方的私钥 |
34
| 在ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)机上使用银行卡交易时，采用（ ）身份认证方式。 |
| A. 单因素 |
| B. 双因素 |
| C. 多因素 |
| D. 无需认证 |
35
| 著名的“黑色星期五”病毒在每月固定的时间才发作，这体现了计算机病毒的（ ）特征。 |
| A. 传染性 |
| B. 破坏性 |
| C. 非授权性 |
| D. 潜伏性 |
36
| 数据备份时， 需要关闭数据库才能进行文件备份的方式属于（ ）。 |
| A. 冷备份 |
| B. 热备份 |
| C. 联机备份 |
| D. 实时备份 |
37
| 以下不属于防火墙功能的（ ）。 |
| A. 控制对特殊站点的访问 |
| B. 防范病毒 |
| C. 记录和统计网络用户的访问信息 |
| D. 保护易受攻击的服务 |
38
| 以下关于电子现金描述错误的（ ）。 |
| A. 电子现金是以数字化形式存在的货币 |
| B. 电子现金需与银行连接后才可使用 |
| C. 电子现金具有不可伪造性 |
| D. 电子现金可以由支付者直接控制和使用 |
39
| 信用卡的支付方式不包括（ ）。 |
| A. 账号直接传输方式 |
| B. 专用账号方式 |
| C. 专用协议方式 |
| D. IMAP协议方式 |
40
| 在电子现金支付方式中，银行通过（ ）来确认该现金身份的合法性。 |
| A. 数字签名 |
| B. 数字证书 |
| C. 数字摘要 |
| D. 数字信封 |
41
| 以下对POS系统下的银行支付描述错误的是( ). |
| A. POS机的工作方式主要包含直接转账、脱机授权和联机授权 |
| B. POS 机设备由主控设备、客户密码键盘、票据打印机三部分组成 |
| C. 在POS系绕中，POS机主要负责交易信息的采集 |
| D. POS机的联机方式中，直联POS方式直接连接到发卡中心 |
42
| 在B2C交易过程中，对第三方支付平台描述错误的是（ ）。 |
| A. 第三方支付平台收到货款后，通知商家按时发货 |
| B. 消费者确认收到货物后，第三方支付平台将货款转入商家账户 |
| C. 交易过程中，第三方支付平台要记录双方交易的具体内容 |
| D. 第三方支付平台收到商家退货确认信息后，将退款划回消费者账户 |
43
| 企业建立物流信息系统的最终目的是（ ）。 |
| A. 提高企业的核心竞争力 |
| B. 为各级物流人员提供信息 |
| C. 信息传播 |
| D. 信息储存 |
44
| 供应链管理框架由三个相互紧密联系的要素构成，其中（ ）是为客户产生价值输出的活动。 |
| A. 供应链的结构 |
| B. 供应链管理的组成要素 |
| C. 供应链的业务流程 |
| D. 供应链协调 |
45
| 配送是以（ ）为依据，在物流中心进行分货、配货工作,并将配好的货物送交收贷人的过程。 |
| A. 订单时间先后 |
| B. 用户要求 |
| C. 路线远近 |
| D. 配送中心 |
46
| 射频标识技术现已成为数据采集、 标识和分析的主要工具，它具有非接触、抗干扰能力强、（ ）、阅读速度快等优点。 |
| A. 工作距离短 |
| B. 精度高 |
| C. 标准兼容性强 |
| D. 人工干预少 |
47
| 网站设计中，以下（ ）属于常见的对搜索引擎友好的表现。 |
| A. URL动态参数多且复杂 |
| B. 网站运用多媒体形式展示企业形象 |
| C. 标题中包含有效的关键词 |
| D. 没有其他网站提供链接 |
48
| 在服务营销中，服务广品质量难以实施标准化源于服务特性中的（ ）。 |
| A. 无形性 |
| B. 不可储存性 |
| C. 差异性 |
| D. 不可分离性 |
49
| 企业管理信息系统是具有网络营销功能的电子商务系統的基础，在企业管理信息系统内部不同组织层次中，（ ）系统负责支持日常管理人员对基本活动和交易进行跟踪和记录。 |
| A. 操作层 |
| B. 知识层 |
| C. 管理层 |
| D. 策略层 |
50
| 以下不属于网络营销职能的是（ ）。 |
| A. 物流配送 |
| B. 信息发布 |
| C. 网上调研 |
| D. 顾客服务 |
51
| 以下属于网絡品牌运用策略的是（ ）。 |
| A. 使用现有品牌 |
| B. 创立新品牌 |
| C. 联合品牌 |
| D. 创建网上用户社区 |
52
| 在互联网上利用用户口碑快速传播信息的方式被称为（ ） |
| A. 即时信息 |
| B. 社会化营销 |
| C. 病毒性营销 |
| D. 群发信息 |
53
| 企业开展搜索引擎营销的最高层次目标是（ ） |
| A. 企业网站/网页被搜索引|擎收录 |
| B. 企业信息在搜索结果中排名靠前 |
| C. 增加用户的点击率 |
| D. 将浏览者转化为顾客 |
54
| 企业实施微博营销首先应（ ）. |
| A. 规划微博营销 |
| B. 注册专属的企业微博 |
| C. 寻找消费者，建立粉丝群 |
| D. 投放广告和搜索工具 |
55
| 设计E-mail营销内容时，( )直接影响到E-mail 营销的开信率，同时也体现了E-mail 营销的专业水平。 |
| A. 发件人 |
| B. 邮件主题 |
| C. 邮件正文 |
| D. 附加信息 |
56
| 一般采用( )语言编写.NET项目的配置文件。 |
| A. VB |
| B. C# |
| C. XML |
| D. HTML |
57
| 常见的JavaEE框架中，不包括( ). |
| A. Struts2.x |
| B. Spring |
| C. Hibernate |
| D. MVC |
58
| 要将div的外边距设置为:“上边距: 10px、 下边距: 10px. 左边距: 40px、 右边距: 40px", 正确的CSS语句是( )。 |
| A. margin：10px 10px 40px 10px |
| B. padding：10px 40px 10px 40px |
| C. margin：10px 40px |
| D. margin- top：20px 30px 40px 50px |
59
|
在HTML页面中需要创建一个图像链接，图像文件名为education.jpg,且与网页文件位于同一目录，目标网址为http://www.moe.gov.cn,则创建该图像链接正确的HTML代码是（ ）。 |
A.
|
B.
|
C.
|
D.
|
60
| 在HTML页面中需要链入外部样式表，样式表文件名为mystyle.css,且与网页文件位于同一目录，则正确链入该样式表的代码是( ). |
A.
|
B.
|
C.
|
D.
|
61
| 在JavaScript中要改变页面文档的背景色，需要修改document对象的( )属性. |
| A. BackColor |
| B. BackgroundColor |
| C. BgColor |
| D. Background |
62
| 在HTML页面中包含图片,假设图片地址正确，则实现隐藏该图片功能的代码是( ). |
| A. document.getElementByld(“mypic”).style.display=“visible” |
| B. document.getElementByld（“mypic”).style.display=“disvisible” |
| C. document.getElementByld(“mypic”).style.display=“block” |
| D. document.getElemetByld(“mypic”).style.display=“none” |
63
| 常见电子商务网站构件中，可以将网站信息发布给用户的是（ ）。 |
| A. 目录服务器 |
| B. 邮件和消息服务器 |
| C. 安全服务器 |
| D. 网站服务器 |
64
| 共享单车是一个典型的“物联网+云计算+互联网”应用，应用中的数据主要包括单车数据和用户数据，这些数据属于（ ）。 |
| A. laaS |
| B. Paas |
| C. SaaS |
| D. SOA |
65
| 智慧交通是一种典型的大数据技术应用，实时道路交通情况查看功能最能体现大数据的( )特征。 |
| A. 数据量巨大 |
| B. 数据类型繁多 |
| C. 价值密度低 |
| D. 时效性高 |
66
| 电子商务主体有权决定是否交易、和谁交易以及如何交易，任何单位和个人利用强迫、利诱等手段进行违背当事人真实意愿的交易活动都是无效的，这体现了电子商务立法遵循的( ). |
| A. 保护消费者正当权益的原则 |
| B. 交易自治原则 |
| C. 证据平等原则 |
| D. 中立原则 |
67
| 根据《电子签名法》对数据电文接收时间、地点的规定，以下说法不正确的是( ). |
| A. 数据电文进入收件人指定特定接收系统的时间为接收时间 |
| B. 数据电文最后一次进入收件人任意系统的时间为接收时间 |
| C. 一般情况下，数据电文应以收件人的主营业地为接收地点 |
| D. 没有主营业地的，数据电文则以常居住地为接收地点 |
68
| 设计电子商务网站第一步要完成的工作是（ ） |
| A. 建立网站原型 |
| B. 设计网站内容 |
| C. 设计网站功能 |
| D. 网站需求分析 |
69
| 在采用结构化方法进行系统分析时，根据分解与抽象的原则，按照系统中数据处理的流程，用（ ）来建立系统的逻辑模型，从而完成分析工作。 |
| A. E-R图 |
| B. 数据流图 |
| C. 程序流程图 |
| D. 软件体系结构图 |
70
| 关键成功因素法 (CSF)包含4个步骤:①识别关键成功因素，②了解企业目标，③识别测量性能的数据，④识别性能指标和标准。其正确的顺序为（ ）。 |
| A. ①②③④ |
| B. ①④②③ |
| C. ②①④③ |
| D. ②④③① |
71
|
Many people view the term "electronic commerce" (or e-commerce) as shopping on the part of the Internet called the (71).However, electronic commerce also covers many other activities, such as businesses trading with other business and internal processes that companies use to support the buying, selling, hiring, planning and other activities. Some people use the term electronic business (or e-business) when they are talking about electronic commerce in this broader sense. For example, IBM defines electronic business as *the transformation of key business process through the use of Internet technologies." Most people use the terms “electronic commerce” and“(72)” interchangeably. Herein, the term electronic commerce is used in its broadest sense and includes all business activities using (73) Some people categorize electronic commerce by types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes. The five general electronic commerce categories are business -to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government, among which the following three are most commonly used: (1)Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C) (2)Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called business-to-business (or B2B) (3)Transactions and (74) in which companies, governments, and other organizations use Internet technologies to support selling and purchasing activities. To understand these categories better, consider a company that manufactures stereo speakers. The company might sell its finished product to consumers on the Web, which would be B2C electronic commerce. It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other companies on the Web, which would be B2B electronic commerce. Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers. These departments are usually named supply management or procurement. Thus, B2B electronic commerce is sometimes called (75). |
| A. World Wide Web |
| B. Web page |
| C. Internet |
| D. Intranet |
72
|
Many people view the term "electronic commerce" (or e-commerce) as shopping on the part of the Internet called the (71).However, electronic commerce also covers many other activities, such as businesses trading with other business and internal processes that companies use to support the buying, selling, hiring, planning and other activities. Some people use the term electronic business (or e-business) when they are talking about electronic commerce in this broader sense. For example, IBM defines electronic business as *the transformation of key business process through the use of Internet technologies." Most people use the terms “electronic commerce” and“(72)” interchangeably. Herein, the term electronic commerce is used in its broadest sense and includes all business activities using (73) Some people categorize electronic commerce by types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes. The five general electronic commerce categories are business -to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government, among which the following three are most commonly used: (1)Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C) (2)Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called business-to-business (or B2B) (3)Transactions and (74) in which companies, governments, and other organizations use Internet technologies to support selling and purchasing activities. To understand these categories better, consider a company that manufactures stereo speakers. The company might sell its finished product to consumers on the Web, which would be B2C electronic commerce. It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other companies on the Web, which would be B2B electronic commerce. Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers. These departments are usually named supply management or procurement. Thus, B2B electronic commerce is sometimes called (75). |
| A. electronic wallet |
| B. e-procurement |
| C. electronic business |
| D. e-shopping |
73
|
Many people view the term "electronic commerce" (or e-commerce) as shopping on the part of the Internet called the (71).However, electronic commerce also covers many other activities, such as businesses trading with other business and internal processes that companies use to support the buying, selling, hiring, planning and other activities. Some people use the term electronic business (or e-business) when they are talking about electronic commerce in this broader sense. For example, IBM defines electronic business as *the transformation of key business process through the use of Internet technologies." Most people use the terms “electronic commerce” and“(72)” interchangeably. Herein, the term electronic commerce is used in its broadest sense and includes all business activities using (73) Some people categorize electronic commerce by types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes. The five general electronic commerce categories are business -to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government, among which the following three are most commonly used: (1)Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C) (2)Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called business-to-business (or B2B) (3)Transactions and (74) in which companies, governments, and other organizations use Internet technologies to support selling and purchasing activities. To understand these categories better, consider a company that manufactures stereo speakers. The company might sell its finished product to consumers on the Web, which would be B2C electronic commerce. It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other companies on the Web, which would be B2B electronic commerce. Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers. These departments are usually named supply management or procurement. Thus, B2B electronic commerce is sometimes called (75). |
| A. Internet technologies |
| B. GPS |
| C. Online banking |
| D. EDI |
74
|
Many people view the term "electronic commerce" (or e-commerce) as shopping on the part of the Internet called the (71).However, electronic commerce also covers many other activities, such as businesses trading with other business and internal processes that companies use to support the buying, selling, hiring, planning and other activities. Some people use the term electronic business (or e-business) when they are talking about electronic commerce in this broader sense. For example, IBM defines electronic business as *the transformation of key business process through the use of Internet technologies." Most people use the terms “electronic commerce” and“(72)” interchangeably. Herein, the term electronic commerce is used in its broadest sense and includes all business activities using (73) Some people categorize electronic commerce by types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes. The five general electronic commerce categories are business -to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government, among which the following three are most commonly used: (1)Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C) (2)Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called business-to-business (or B2B) (3)Transactions and (74) in which companies, governments, and other organizations use Internet technologies to support selling and purchasing activities. To understand these categories better, consider a company that manufactures stereo speakers. The company might sell its finished product to consumers on the Web, which would be B2C electronic commerce. It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other companies on the Web, which would be B2B electronic commerce. Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers. These departments are usually named supply management or procurement. Thus, B2B electronic commerce is sometimes called (75). |
| A. business-to-business |
| B. business processes |
| C. consumer-to-consumer |
| D. business-to-government |
75
|
Many people view the term "electronic commerce" (or e-commerce) as shopping on the part of the Internet called the (71).However, electronic commerce also covers many other activities, such as businesses trading with other business and internal processes that companies use to support the buying, selling, hiring, planning and other activities. Some people use the term electronic business (or e-business) when they are talking about electronic commerce in this broader sense. For example, IBM defines electronic business as *the transformation of key business process through the use of Internet technologies." Most people use the terms “electronic commerce” and“(72)” interchangeably. Herein, the term electronic commerce is used in its broadest sense and includes all business activities using (73) Some people categorize electronic commerce by types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes. The five general electronic commerce categories are business -to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government, among which the following three are most commonly used: (1)Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C) (2)Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called business-to-business (or B2B) (3)Transactions and (74) in which companies, governments, and other organizations use Internet technologies to support selling and purchasing activities. To understand these categories better, consider a company that manufactures stereo speakers. The company might sell its finished product to consumers on the Web, which would be B2C electronic commerce. It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other companies on the Web, which would be B2B electronic commerce. Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers. These departments are usually named supply management or procurement. Thus, B2B electronic commerce is sometimes called (75). |
| A. e-cash |
| B. e-procurement |
| C. e-business |
| D. e-commerce |